Abstract
Non-repudiation turns out to be an increasingly important security service with the fast growth of electronic commerce on the Internet. Non-repudiation services protect the transacting parties against any false denial that a particular event or action has taken place, in which evidence will be generated, collected and maintained to enable dispute resolution. Meanwhile, fairness is a further desirable requirement such that neither party can gain an advantage by quitting prematurely or otherwise misbehaving during a transaction. In this paper, we survey the evolution of techniques and protocols that had been put forward to achieve fair non-repudiation with a (trusted) third party, and present a secure and efficient fair non-repudiation protocol.