Abstract
In Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), printed layers are stacked on top of one another to achieve required thickness. With smaller diameter nozzles, the 3D printer will be able to create finer details on the printed object and with the layers stacked closer with one another, result in smoother vertical or slanted surfaces. Unfortunately, this results in a longer print time as the 3D printer will have to make multiple passes to make up for the required dimensions. Depending on their project constraints, users will have to select the appropriate nozzle diameter. This work presents a novel variable diameter extrusion nozzle that can mechanically vary its extrusion diameter during the printing process. This would allow for print time and material optimization during the 3D print process and allow for new print geometries to be achieved.