Abstract
Inherent spatial variability (ISV) of design soil properties (e.g., effective friction angle phi') can be incorporated into probability-based geotechnical analyses and designs using random field models. Defining a random field model includes determination of random field parameters (i.e., mean mu, standard deviation sigma, and scale of fluctuation lambda) and the correlation function that specifies the spatial correlation of the concerned design soil property (e.g., phi') at different locations. This is, however, a challenging task at a given site due to a lack of direct test data of design soil properties and various uncertainties (e.g., transformation uncertainty) arising during site investigation. This paper develops Bayesian approaches for probabilistic characterization of the ISV of phi' using indirect test data (i.e., cone penetration test (CPT) data) and prior knowledge, which identify random field parameters of phi' through Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation (MCMCS) and, simultaneously, make use of Gaussian copula to select the most probable correlation function M* among a pool of candidate correlation functions based on MCMCS samples. The proposed Bayesian approaches account, rationally and transparently, for the transformation uncertainty associated with the transformation model between phi' and CPT data. The proposed approaches are illustrated and validated using real-life and simulated CPT data. Results show that the proposed approaches properly identify the random field model (including mu, sigma, lambda, and M*) of phi' using project-specific CPT data, and the random field parameters of phi' depend on the correlation function used to interpret CPT data. In addition, the suitability of MCMCS in Bayesian probabilistic characterization of soil properties is highlighted, particularly for the cases with a limited number of test data. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.