Abstract
Perfusion culture is a commonly used dynamic culture technique in tissue engineering for promoting higher cell number growth. Under perfusion culture, the cell number could be co-influenced by cell detachment and cell proliferation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the perfusion effects on cell proliferation but largely ignored the aspect of cell detachment. This work demonstrates that perfusion as small as 2.3 mL/min have induced cell loss compared with static culture even for a culture period of 12 minutes Both perfusion rate and direction have influenced the cell retention in the construct. In general, higher perfusion rates have caused more cell loss, largely due to the induced higher flow shear. The influence of perfusion directions on cell retention has been closely related to cell distribution in the construct. The study shows that cell retention is an important aspect that is worth more research attention and should be considered for cell number analysis in 3D construct development. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 647652, 2013.