Abstract
Do informed investors leave a trace in the market? This study shows that the portfolios composed of stocks with a high probability of informed trading (PIN) earn significantly higher returns under moving average strategies than a buy-and-hold strategy. The abnormal returns cannot be explained by a Fama-French five-factor model with an additional momentum factor or transaction costs and yet exists even after imposing delayed trades or controlling for firm size, volatility, and liquidity. Portfolios with alterna-tive information asymmetry measures report similar albeit weaker results. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.