Abstract
Disruptions to infrastructure systems can affect many facets of our daily life. Despite best efforts to design infrastructure systems that are resilient to disruptions, many systems are often modified over time to meet changing future needs. Hence, this paper presents a modelling method that aims to provide early estimates of system resilience in the redesign and extension of existing infrastructure systems. The method considers both direct and indirect functional dependencies between system entities and quantifies system resilience from a functional recovery perspective. A case study was carried out and the findings suggest that the method is feasible to support resilience analysis in the evaluation of design options during the incremental change of infrastructure systems.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.